![]() ![]() Where h is the Planck constant, 6.626 x 10-34 J s. The energy of a photon can be calculated using the equation A particle of electromagnetic radiation with a long wavelength will have a small frequency, meaning that the longer the wave, the more time it will take to pass a certain point and the fewer the number of waves that can pass that point per second. The frequency and the wavelength are inversely proportional to the speed of light, and can be solved for using the equation The inverse second is also called the Hertz, abbreviated as Hz. The frequency (ν) is the number of waves that pass through a certain point per second, and is measured in s -1, or inverse seconds. The wavelength (λ), shown in Figure 1 above, is the distance from one peak of a wave to the next, and is usually measured in meters. They all, of course, travel at the speed of light, c, but different types of electromagnetic radiation have different frequencies and wavelengths. There are many types of electromagnetic radiation. 1).įigure 1: A wave processing, with wavelength depicted. Spectral radiance absorbed and scattered by a volume per unit length, divided by that received by that volume.Subtopic 2 Theoretical Background on the Camera SpectrophotometerĮlectromagnetic radiation, such as light, is composed of particles called photons that travel through space in a wave motion (Fig. Spectral directional attenuation coefficient Radiance absorbed and scattered by a volume per unit length, divided by that received by that volume. Spectral radiant flux absorbed and scattered by a volume per unit length, divided by that received by that volume. Spectral hemispherical attenuation coefficient Radiant flux absorbed and scattered by a volume per unit length, divided by that received by that volume. Spectral radiance transmitted by a surface, divided by that received by that surface. Radiance transmitted by a surface, divided by that received by that surface. Spectral flux transmitted by a surface, divided by that received by that surface. Radiant flux transmitted by a surface, divided by that received by that surface. Spectral radiance reflected by a surface, divided by that received by that surface. Radiance reflected by a surface, divided by that received by that surface. ![]() Spectral flux reflected by a surface, divided by that received by that surface. Radiant flux reflected by a surface, divided by that received by that surface. This should not be confused with " spectral absorbance". Spectral radiance absorbed by a surface, divided by the spectral radiance incident onto that surface. ![]() This should not be confused with " absorbance". Radiance absorbed by a surface, divided by the radiance incident onto that surface. Spectral flux absorbed by a surface, divided by that received by that surface. Radiant flux absorbed by a surface, divided by that received by that surface. Spectral radiance emitted by a surface, divided by that of a black body at the same temperature as that surface. ![]() Radiance emitted by a surface, divided by that emitted by a black body at the same temperature as that surface. Spectral exitance of a surface, divided by that of a black body at the same temperature as that surface. Radiant exitance of a surface, divided by that of a black body at the same temperature as that surface. Hemispherical transmittance of a surface, denoted T, is defined as T = Φ e t Φ e i, Ĭases of non-uniform attenuation occur in atmospheric science applications and radiation shielding theory for instance. Mathematical definitions Hemispherical transmittance Internal transmittance refers to energy loss by absorption, whereas (total) transmittance is that due to absorption, scattering, reflection, etc. It is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is transmitted through a sample, in contrast to the transmission coefficient, which is the ratio of the transmitted to incident electric field. Transmittance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in transmitting radiant energy. Note the two broad blue and green absorption bands and one narrow absorption band on the wavelength of 694 nm, which is the wavelength of the ruby laser. Transmittance of ruby in optical and near-IR spectra. ![]()
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